general self-efficacy scale scoring and interpretation

Chapter  Missing data analysis was conducted,Footnote 1 showing that participants who participated at both T1 and T2 (N = 336) and participants who only participated at T1 (N = 176) did not differ statistically from each other on age or measures of parenting and personality, except for father reported extraversion (Mincomplete = 3.24 (SD = 0.33), Mcomplete = 3.16 (SD = 0.33), t (462) = 2.56, p = 0.013) and mother reported imagination Mincomplete = 3.35 (SD = 0.46), Mcomplete = 3.45 (SD = 0.45) (t (465) = − 2.21, p = 0.027). 1999;6(1):1–55. This would be a great help for me to finish my research study as well as to fulfill my requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology. Moreover, the integration of individual differences in models of parenting effects may further improve our understanding of early adults’ adjustment. Annu Rev Psychol. Health and social care workers (HSCWs) have carried a heavy burden during the COVID-19 crisis and, in the challenge to control the virus, have directly faced its consequences. Mental illness is a worldwide public health concern. Computationally efficient estimation of multilevel high-dimensional latent variable models. Self-efficacy, individuals’ beliefs regarding their capacities to perform actions or control (potentially stressful or novel) events, is thought to be important for various life domains. Maternal and paternal warmth were measured at T1 using parents’ self-reports of the Parenting Practices Questionnaire [PPQ; [45]). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a 10-item questionnaire originally developed by Cohen et al. Glasgow Coma Scale. Eur J Pers. In this study, data of the 4th (T1: 2004) and 8th wave (T2: 2015) were used because these waves contained the measures of interest. Self-efficacy and successful school-to-work transition: a longitudinal study. By using this website, you agree to our The percentage in the sample that is differentially affected by the moderator, scoring lower than − 0.54 on overreactivity (standardized) was 32.1% of the mothers and 32.3% of the fathers in the sample, providing evidence for differential susceptibility. In the current study, we focus on warmth (i.e., support) and overreactive (i.e., controlling) parenting as two key parenting behaviors that are both expected to impact self-efficacy [19]. Keshavarz S, Mounts NS. To compare model fit, the log likelihood difference test was corrected for MLR estimation using the scaling correction factor [62]. Originally developed by Teasdale and Jennett (1974), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (see Table C-1) is a scoring scale for eye opening, motor, and verbal responses that can be administered to athletes on the field to objectively measure their level of consciousness.A score is assigned to each response type for a combined total score of 3 to 15 (with 15 being … It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or … 2016;16(3):343–61. The Parenting Scale: a measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. To test possible differences between mother and father parenting, model fit was compared for two multigroup models grouped by parenting informant (i.e., mother and father). Fit indices showed an adequate fit to the data (χ2 (19) = 20.38, p = 0.37, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.02 [0.00–0.05]). That less significant longitudinal associations between personality characteristics and outcomes are found is in line with other work. Essay Response — Score 3. Br J Educ Psychol. Second, our sample consisted solely of Western European families, and results of this study cannot be directly generalized to other samples. After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify the characteristics of a true Likert scale and explain the situations when parametric analytical techniques are potentially appropriate for rating scale data or when nonparametric techniques are preferred. We tested whether moderation effects provided support for diathesis stress or the differential susceptibility models of person-environment interactions. Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Annu Rev Psychol. The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical activity is associated with better mental wellbeing and reduced symptoms of mental health disorder in adolescents. Reply According to the self-determination theory, all individuals have basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence, of which fulfillment is essential to well-being. Little however is known about its early precursors. Caprara GV, Barbaranelli C, Pastorelli C, Cervone D. The contribution of self-efficacy beliefs to psychosocial outcomes in adolescence: predicting beyond global dispositional tendencies. Belsky J, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH. Google ScholarÂ. Teeuw B, Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. Dutch adaptation of the general perceived self-efficacy scale. Although this scale is considerably shorter it is thought to have a higher construct validity that … 2009;41(3):924–36. 2014;140(3):722. Parenting behaviors are often classified under two broad parenting dimensions characterizing the quality of the parent–child interaction (i.e., warmth, support) and the nature of parental discipline (control) [10, 18]. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square was 22.87 (df = 9), p < 0.01, indicating that the model with equality constraints fitted the data significantly worse. Luszczynska A, Gutiérrez-Doña B, Schwarzer R. General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: evidence from five countries. Parenting dimensions and styles: a brief history and recommendations for future research. J Adolesc. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Indeed, preliminary evidence for this hypothesis exists, with a 6-week school-based resilience intervention for 11–12-year-olds showing improvements in self-efficacy for all youth, and especially targeted the needs of children with negative affectivity [66]. 1977;84(2):191–215. Google ScholarÂ. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The final model with direct and interaction effects explained 14% of the variance in self-efficacy. The study protocol meets since the beginning in 1999 the requirements of the codes of conduct of pertinent professional associations, in particular of national and international psychological and behavioral associations. Next, the PoI was 0.25, which can be also be interpreted as evidence for differential susceptibility. BMC Psychol. To examine main effects in the longitudinal prediction of self-efficacy in young adulthood (aim 1), we entered the covariates age and gender, five personality dimensions and two parenting variables as predictors of GSE (Fig. 1, model 1). 2016;45(10):1973–95. Muthen BO, Satorra A. Originally developed by Teasdale and Jennett (1974), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (see Table C-1) is a scoring scale for eye opening, motor, and verbal responses that can be administered to athletes on the field to objectively measure their level of consciousness.A score is assigned to each response type for a combined total score of 3 to 15 (with 15 being … 2004;37(4):751–63. Loeb EL, Kansky J, Tan JS, Costello MA, Allen JP. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.08.001. Thank you so much and have a great day ahead! J Psychology. No previous work has looked into how general self-efficacy affects the interpretation of vicarious experience information and … Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. Pers Individ Dif. 2010;78(4):1301–23. Aiken LS, West SG, Reno RR. 2016;16(6):300–4. In: Bollen KA, Long JS, editors. Warmth refers to behaviors of acceptance, nurturance and affection [20] and is generally recognized as a central influence in early socialization [21]. Simple slope analyses showed that B (− 2SD) = − 0.10, [− 0.17 to − 0.02], p < 0.01. The piano can serve as a visual, tactile, and aural tool to inform a student’s comprehension of jazz harmony. Self-efficacy was measured at T2, using young adults’ self-reports of the Dutch translation of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale [47, 48]. Prinzie P, Onghena P, Hellinckx W, Grietens H, Ghesquiere P, Colpin H. The additive and interactive effects of parenting and children’s personality on externalizing behaviour. statement and In 1999, a proportional stratified sample of elementary-school-aged children attending regular schools in Flanders (Belgium) was randomly selected. Mean scores were computed. Peter Prinzie. Satorra A, Bentler PM. Dev Psychopathol. McCabe JE. Zuckerman M. Diathesis-stress models. The user bases his or her interpretation on the total scale score. Sweet SN, Fortier MS, Strachan SM, Blanchard CM. This model explained 12% of the variance in self-efficacy. Hayes AF, Matthes J. Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations. Unfortunately, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding how data derived from these tools can and should be analyzed. Despite the importance of self-efficacy for general functioning, relatively little is known about individual and proximal contextual factors that affect its development. A cohort of 928 12–13 year olds … [42]). Present address: HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands, Present address: Youz, Parnassia Psychiatric Institution, The Hague, The Netherlands, Marike H. F. Deutz and Willemijn M. van Eldik shared first authorship, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Marike H. F. Deutz, Willemijn M. van Eldik, Vera T. Over de Vest, Ank Ringoot, Amaranta D. de Haan & Peter Prinzie, You can also search for this author in Google ScholarÂ. Pinquart M, Juang LP, Silbereisen RK. Nursing. (1983) widely used to assess stress levels in young people and adults aged 12 and above. PsyB. Psychometrika. BMC Psychology Given that GSE is an important correlate of a wide range of (developmental) outcomes [5, 64, 65], knowing which individual characteristics are predictive of higher GSE may give direction to interventions aimed at improving early adult’s general self-efficacy. Cookies policy. Clavel F. Advanced topics: plotting better interactions using the Johnson-Neyman technique in Mplus 2015. 2009;97(2):351–62. 各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构： 考试招生制度是国家基本教育制度。 党的十八届三中全会对考试招生制度改革作出全面部署，今年《政府工作报告》提出了明确要求。 1993;5(2):137. Each of the four visual analogue scales is 10cm, so the score for each of the four visual analogue scales is the measurement length on the ruler (e.g. In: Proceedings of the 2007 JSM meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah, Section on Statistics in Epidemiology; 2007: Citeseer. J Genet Psychol. If T\technology has so increased our senses of self-efficacy that we can become veritable agents of the awful, virtual CEO's of selfishness, certainly it can be beneficial. The goal of this review is to highlight key elements underpinning excellent high-stakes summative assessment. This scale provides a measure of self-efficacy that serves as an improvement to the original self-efficacy scale of 17 items created by Sherer et al. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Article  The changes in magnitudes of the slope of parenting on self-efficacy are also presented in the plot for regions of significance [56]. Stajkovic AD, Bandura A, Locke EA, Lee D, Sergent K. Test of three conceptual models of influence of the big five personality traits and self-efficacy on academic performance: a meta-analytic path-analysis. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square was 5.73 (df = 8), p = 0.68, indicating that with the exception of overreactivity (mothers: B = − 0.03; p = 0.18, fathers: B = 0.03; p = 0.22), effects of the covariates and direct effects of personality and parenting on self-efficacy were similar for father and mother reports (Table 2). 2005;26(1):21–38. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis—conventional criteria versus new alternatives, structural equation modelling. In the Fourth Edition of Scale Development, Robert F. DeVellis demystifies measurement by emphasizing a logical rather than strictly mathematical understanding of concepts. Differential susceptibility to environmental influences: Interactions between child temperament and parenting in adolescent alcohol use. The Personality Disorder Features Screener (PDFS-56). This scale provides a measure of self-efficacy that serves as an improvement to the original self-efficacy scale of 17 items created by Sherer et al. Identify scale of measurement for a variable If the 95% confidence interval contained the value of zero, then the association between parenting and self-efficacy was not significant. Perceived parenting, self-esteem, and general self-efficacy of Iranian American adolescents. The PoI reflects the proportion of the total area in the interaction plot that can be attributed to differential susceptibility. The questionnaire consists of 136 statements (8 items per scale) and most test takers complete the questions in about 20 minutes. Book  The General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale was adapted from the Health Student Self-Efficacy (HSSE) Scale originally developed by Eachus (1993) as a measure of self-efficacy beliefs in students on health-related courses involving clinical training and practice. Found inside – Page 93General. Self-Efficacy. Although Bandura originally conceptualized self-efficacy as a person's belief that he or she is ... For each statement, circle the number that best describes you based on the following scale: NOT AT ALL HARDLY ... 2019;49(2):509–26. 2011;81(Pt 1):78–96. The information gathered could provide health professionals with valuable insights to achieving better health outcomes with self-management … This questionnaire consists of 10 statements and assesses the extent to which an individual has optimistic self-beliefs to cope with stressors and difficult life situations (e.g., ‘I always manage to solve difficult problems, if I put enough effort into it’). The piano can serve as a visual, tactile, and aural tool to inform a student’s comprehension of jazz harmony. The General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (GASE) is a measure of general academic self-efficacy developed for use with university students. 国 务 院 关 于 深 化 考 试 招 生 制度改革的实施意见 国发〔2014〕35号. EIQ16 app. As parenting behaviors are partly malleable, this knowledge could have implications for intervention programs focusing on strengthening young adults’ well-being, including general self-efficacy. Meta-analysis is a way of synthesizing previous research on a subject in order to assess what has already been learned, and even to derive new conclusions from the mass of already researched data. At Time 2, 11 years later, the participants were aged 20.00–23.92 years and the mean age was 21.83 years. The goodness-of-fit of the model was evaluated using the chi-square test, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The role of parenting in young adult self-efficacy might thus differ depending on children’s personality traits, which can be described with two influential models of person-environment interactions: the diathesis-stress model and the differential susceptibility model. In: Personality psychology in Europe proceedings of the eight European conference on personality psychology; 1999; Tilburg: Tilburg University Press. We plotted the region of significance for the slope of overreactivity on self-efficacy. The Big Five personality traits is a suggested taxonomy, or grouping, for personality traits, developed from the 1980s onwards in psychological trait theory.When factor analysis (a statistical technique) is applied to personality survey data, it reveals semantic associations: some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. This seminal book offers not only an answer regarding how to gain competitive advantage through people, but also a brand new, untapped human resource--psychological capital, or simply PsyCap. The Warmth scale consists of 11 items and assesses the extent to which parents are affectionate to their child and are involved in their child’s life (e.g., ‘I express affection by hugging, kissing, and holding my child’). This scale provides a measure of self-efficacy that serves as an improvement to the original self-efficacy scale of 17 items created by Sherer et al. The authors provide an entry to the book by summarizing several mega-trends manifest across all of the chapters and identifying several emerging trends that are left for future research. 2018;120:238–45. Given that this is the first study to investigate long term effects of personality-parenting interactions and the inclusion of several interactions, future research should replicate this finding. Pers Individ Dif. Table 1 summarizes what the EIQ16 questionnaire scales measure. All items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (barely characteristic) to 5 (highly characteristic). 2007;21(1):49–61. First, we aim to examine prospective relations between personality and parental behaviors in childhood (9–12 years) and self-efficacy 11 years later in early adulthood. Future studies should examine the (main and interactive) effects of children’s individual personality characteristics and mothers’ and fathers’ parenting in samples with more diverse characteristics, not only in terms of ethnicity, but also, with regard to socio-economic status, family composition, and in families at-risk for child or parent psychopathology. 2015;18(1):7–20. This guide is primarily aimed at faculty members with the responsibility of assigning student grades and is intended to be a practical tool to help throughout the process of planning, developing, and deploying tests as well as monitoring their … A unified theory of development: a dialectic integration of nature and nurture. Parenting and social competence in school: the role of preadolescents’ personality traits. Model fit of the constrained model was (χ2 (9) = 22.87, p = 0.01, CFI = 0.77, RMSEA = 0.07 [0.03–0.10]). J Vocat Behav. This would be a great help for me to finish my research study as well as to fulfill my requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology. For children scoring higher than 1.0SD on benevolence (n = 94), more overreactivity was associated with higher self-efficacy and the strength of this effect increased when scores on benevolence increased. Annu Rev Psychol. Carver CS, Connor-Smith J. Personality is thought to be an important individual factor that shapes individual’s sensitivity to environmental influences. Studies examining personality as a moderator of environmental factors on individual outcomes, have shown for example that personality and parenting interact in predicting social adjustment in school [37], aggression and delinquency [38] as well as anxious and depressive problems [39]. Model results showed that emotional stability was significantly related to more general self-efficacy eleven years later (b = 0.09, p < 0.001). Unfortunately, prospective research on links between parenting behaviors and general self-efficacy is scarce, and especially research regarding the long-term impact of parenting on young adults’ general self-efficacy is lacking. Privacy In the UK, there is a high prevalence of mental illness and poor mental wellbeing among young people. An 11-year prospective study of personality X parenting interactions as predictors of self-efficacy in young adults: diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility?. Strata were constructed according to geographical location (i.e., province), age and gender. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. J Coll Couns. The group that does not receive the treatment or intervention of interest is the control group. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the effect of overreactivity on self-efficacy was not significant for children scoring between 0.9 SD below the mean, and 1.0 SD above the mean on benevolence. The questionnaire consists of 136 statements (8 items per scale) and most test takers complete the questions in about 20 minutes. Stat Res Memoirs. J Child Fam Stud. Such data could provide further insights into the directions of effects. Third, further quantification of the interaction effect in terms of diathesis stress vs. differential susceptibility was conducted by computing the "proportion affected" (PA) index and the proportion of interaction index (POI), following recommendations of Roisman et al. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Sizes, Aggression Towards Parents—High Risk Behavioral Assessment, Aggression—Problem Behavior Frequency Scale, Aggression‚ Temperament‚ and Personality Survey, Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire (BARQ), Beliefs About Aggression and Alternatives, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ), Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey, DIVERSE ADOLESCENT RELATIONAL AGGRESSION SCALE, Fighting To and From School—NYC Youth Violence Survey, Homonegative Microaggressions Scale (HMS), Instrument for Reactive and Proactive Aggression (IRPA), Loudin‚ Loukas‚ & Robinson Relational Aggression Subscale, Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale, Parental Attitudes Toward Use of Aggression, Peer Aggression Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (PA-CSES), Physical Fighting—Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS), Reactive-Proactive Aggression—Fast Track (Teacher Checklist), The Anger Expression Scale for Children (AESC), Adjunctive Couple/Family Therapy for Anxiety Disorders Study, Autism Worries Survey (AWS) (Parent Version), BRIEF PATIENT HEALTH QESTIONAIRE (Brief PHQ), Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), Depression‚ Anxiety and Stress Scales DASS- 21, Depression‚ Anxiety and Stress Scales DASS- 42, GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER SCALE (GADS), GERIATRIC ANXIETY SCALE – GAS VERSION 1.0, Health Anxiety Inventory- hypochondriasis, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale (MGRS), Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA), Personal Report of Interethnic Communication Apprehension (PRECA), Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA), PHYSICAL APPEARANCE STATE AND TRAIT ANXIETY SCALE, Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) - Parent Version, Spence preschool Anxiety Scale (Teacher Version), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory‚ (Form Y/ STAI-Y), The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), The Multidimensional AIDS Anxiety Questionnaire (MAAQ), Appearance Schema Inventory-Revised Short Form, Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES), FEEDBACK ON PHYSICAL APPEARANCE SCALE (FOPAS), Ideal Body Stereotype Scale-Revised (IBIS-R), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Multidimensional Media Influence Scale (MMIS), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R), Physical Appearance Reasons for Tanning Scale (PARTS), Physical Appearance-Related Teasing Scale (PARTS), Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire – Revised (SATAQ- R), Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4), SOCIOCULTURAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS APPEARANCE SCALE (SATAQ), Thinness and Restricting Inventory (TREI), Verbal Commentary on Physical Appearance Scale (VCOPAS), Hemispheric Brain Dominance Scale (OHBDS), Beliefs about Conflict—NYC Youth Violence Survey, Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI), Conflict Resolution—Individual Protective Factors Index, Conflicts and Problem-Solving Scales (CPS), Episode-Specific Conflict Tactics Questionnaire (ESCTQ), Episode-Specific Conflict Tactics Scale (ESCT), Gottman Sound Relationship House Questionnaires- Conflict Measures, Gottman Sound Relationship House Questionnaires- Conflict Processes, Somatization of Emotional Conflict Scale (SECS), The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), The Relationship between Conflict‚ Communication‚ and Sex, Delinquent Behavior—High Risk Behavioral Assessment, Delinquent Peers—Rochester Youth Development Study, Disciplinary and Delinquent Behavior—SAGE Baseline Survey, Friends` Delinquent Behavior— Peer Deviancy Scale, Friends` Delinquent Behavior—Denver Youth Survey, Neighborhood Disorganization—Rochester Youth Development Study, Self-Reported Delinquency—Problem Behavior Frequency Scale, Self-Reported Delinquency—Rochester Youth Development Study, Adult Measure of Behavioural Inhibition (AMBI), Bipolar Disorder Self-assessment test (Clinician version), Brief Assessment Schedule Depression (BAS-D), Carroll Rating Scale for Depression (CRS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Children's Hopelessness (Modified Version), Depression – Rochester Youth Development Study, Depression Adjective Check Lists‚ Form E (DACL), Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS or QIDS), Irritability‚ Depression‚ Anxiety Scale (IDA), Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-11), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (MAST), Retrospective Measure of Behavioural Inhibition (RMBI), Sample: Orientation to Happiness Subscale Items, Anorexia Nervosa Stages Of Change Questionnaire, Compensatory Eating Behaviors Related to Alcohol Consumption (CEBRACS), Concern over Weight and Dieting Scale (COWD), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Restraint Scale (DEBQ-RS), Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire (EDBQ), Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale - DSM-5 Version, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-Bulimia subscale (EDE-Q-B), The Multidimensional Psychology of Eating Questionnaire (MPEQ), Achievement Goal Questionnaire-Revised (AGQ-R), Athletic Injury Imagery Questionnaire-2 (AIIQ-2), Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), Behavior Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2), Behavior Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3), Behavior Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ), Exercise Causality Orientations Scale (ECOS), Exercise Motives and Gains Inventory (EMGI), Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ), Locus of Causality for Exercise Scale (LCE), Overall Satisfaction with Rehabilitation Scale (OSWRS), Perceived Environmental Supportiveness Scale (PESS), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS), Social Provisions in the Exercise Setting, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BNFE), Fear of Crime—Chicago Youth Development Study, Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), Spider Phobia Questionnaire for Children (SPQ-C), Exposure to Gangs—Houston School Cohort Survey, AACP ROSE - Recovery Oriented Service Evaluation (AACP ROSE), Abdominal Pain Beliefs Questionnaire (APBQ), Addiction Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ACSES), Adult Responses to Children’s Symptoms (ARCS), Affirmative Behaviors with All Clients Scale (ABACS), Affirmative Counseling Behaviors with GLB Clients (ACBGLBC), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), Alzheimer’s disease related quality of life (ADRQL), Beliefs About Psychological Services (BAPS), Blessed Information-Memory- Concentration Test (BIMC), Cambridge Mental Disorders of ordinal the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX), Cancer Behavior Inventory–Brief Version (CBI-B), Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly, Consumer Recovery Outcomes System (CROS 3.0), Diabetes Empowerment Scale–Short Form (DES-SF), Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ), Domain Specific Clinical-Centrality Quality of Life Scale (DSC-C), Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ), Family Quality of Life Questionnaire-Patient with Cancer, The Emotional Self-Disclosure Scale (ESDS), 15- Dimensional Health-Related Quality of Life, Abstinence Motivation Scale-Sex (AMS-Sex), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Stigma (AAQ-S), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II ), Adolescent-Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (A-FILE), Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (Arnett‚ 1994), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS2), Assessment of Quality of Life Instrument (AQoL), Attitude Toward the Provision of Long-Term Care (ATPLTC), Botvin Life Skills Training Evaluation/Assertiveness, Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale- 10 (BEIS-10), Chinese Ways of Coping Questionnaire (CWCQ), Cohen- Hoberman Inventory of Physical Symptoms (CHIPS), Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), Coping with Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CWCBQ), Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI‐II), Differential Loneliness Scale – short student version, Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), Emotion-Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ), Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire (ESRQ), EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire QLQ-C30, Frequency of Forgetting Scale-10 (FOF-10), Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (GESS), Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale- revised (GESS-R), Health Practices Questionnaire-II (HPQ-II), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII), Health-Related Quality of Life: Healthy Days Symptoms, Home and Community Environment Instrument (HACE), Hunter Opinions and Personal Expectations Scale (HOPES), Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (sample), Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS), Inventory of College Student's Recent Life Experiences ICSRLE, Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes (IPPA-32R), Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Profession Students’ version (JSPE-HPS), Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), Life Events Questionnaire (LEQ)- 82 items, Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age – Short Form (LSITA- SF), Martin- Larsen Approval Motivation Scale (MLAMS), McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL), Mcma‎ster Health Index Questionnaire (MHIQ), Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (MBPC), Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF), Mental‚ Physical‚ and Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Multidimensional Health Behavior Inventory-Exercise subscale (MHBI-E), Multidimensional sense of humor scale (MSHS), Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, Palmore Facts on Aging and Mental Health Quiz (FAMHQ), Performance Goal and Learning Goal Orientation Scales (PGO and LGO), Personal Growth Initiative Scale–II (PGIS-II), Physical Activity/Healthy Food Efficacy Scale for Children (PAHFE-C), Physical and Mental Impairment-of-Function Evaluation (PAMIE), Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, Positive-Negative Semantic Differential (PN-SMD), Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI), Quality of Life During Serious Illness – Family Carer Version (QOLLTI-F), Quality of Life Index for Adults (A-QLI) Provider Questionnaire, Richmond Humor Assessment Instrument (RHAI), Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), Self-Report Coping Measure - Child Version, Sensation Seeking Scale Form V revised (SSSV), Short Happiness and Affect Research Protocol (SHARP), Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS), Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire—Revised (SLESQ-R), Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS), The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6), The Multidimensional Health Questionnaire (MHQ), THE PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIPS PROFILE (PRP), The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS), Tolerance-Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale (TIA), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQUE), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- 360 (TEIQUE), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Adolescent (TEIQUE-AF), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Child Form (TEIQUE-CF), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), WHOQOL Spirituality‚ Religiousness and Personal Beliefs (SRPB), Wisconsin Family Quality of Life Index (F-QLI), Wisconsin Family Quality of Life Index (F-QLI) Provider Questionnaire, Wisconsin Quality of Life Caregiver Questionnaire, Wisconsin Quality of Life Client Questionnaire, Wisconsin Quality of Life Index for Adults Questionnaire (A-QLI), Wisconsin Quality of Life Provider Questionnaire, World Health Organisation Quality of Life (Brief version), Ascription of Responsibility Questionnaire (ARQ), Automatic thoughts questionnaire- Positive (ATQ-P), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaires – Revised (ATQ-R), Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale (FHLC), James Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Miller Marital Locus of Control Scale (MMLOC), Multidimensional Multiattributional Causality Scale, Nowicki Preschool and Primary Internal-External Control Scale, Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children, Reid-Ware Three-Factor Internal-External Scale, The Adult Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, Brief Overall Job Satisfaction Measures I&II, Communicator Competence Questionnaire (CCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire- (COPSOQ I), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire- second version (COPSOQ II), Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C), Donald Super’s Work Values Inventory (WVI), Elementary School Success Profile (ESSP)- For parent, Elementary School Success Profile (ESSP)- For teachers, Interpersonal Conflict Scale at Work (ICAWS), Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS), Measuring Work Engagement Engagement in work and family, Neutral Objects Satisfaction Questionnaire (NOSQ), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C), Organizational-based self-esteem scale (OBSE), Perceived Organizational Innovativeness Scale (PORGI), Pressure Management Indicator Questionnaire (PMI), QUICK QUIZ: How well do people know your company’s “brand personality?”, Relationship-to-Work Permeability Scale (RtWPS), Revised Community Organization Sense of Community Scale (COSCS-R), School Success Profile Learning Organization (SSP-LO), Self-Assessment Guide – for career planning, Swedish Demand-Control -Support Questionnaire (DCSQ), The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), The Organizational Commitment scales (OCS), UK Governing Body Evaluation Questionnaire, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) Schaufeli & Bakker‚ 2003‚ 2006‚ 2007, Values‚ Preferences‚ and Personal Qualities Inventory, Violence Prevention Climate Survey (VPCS), Workplace Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire (WHEQ), Workplace Stressors Assessment Questionnaire (WSAQ), Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive inventory (MOCI), Obsessive Relational Intrusion (ORI) -Short Form, Padua Inventory - Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR), Unwanted Pursuit Behavior Inventory —Offender, Yale – Brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS), Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experience (A-COPE), Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) - Child Version, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) - Parent Version, Alcohol‚ Drugs and the Family Social Support Scale (ADF SSS), Argentinean Scale on Perceptions of Relationships with Parents for Children 8–12 Years of Age, Assertiveness Scale for Adolescents (ASA), Attachment to Parents—Seattle Social Development Project, Behavior Rating Index for Children (BRIC), Child Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (CROPS), Child’s Attitude Toward Father and Mother (CAF/CAM), Children and Adolescent Social and Adaptive Function Scale (CASAFS), Children Belief about Parental Divorce Scale (CBAPS), Children Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (CCAQ), Children's Behavior Questionnaire - Short Form, Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form, Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ-R), Children’s Perceived Self-Control (CPSC) Scale, Confusion‚ Hubbub‚ and Order Scale (CHAOS), Consistency of Discipline —Rochester Youth Development Study, Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), Difficult situations for adults and adolescents Fundación W. K. Kellogg.

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